An EntityMap is a published, versioned list of the entities a brand wants AI engines to understand: the organisation, its products, its people and its proprietary terms. Known & Cited has been an EntityMap publisher since 5 June 2026. This is version 1.1, updated 2 July 2026 for the three-product structure.
Organization
Known & Cited
Known & Cited is a GEO consultancy and GEO-led PR partner. It measures how AI platforms cite and recommend businesses across ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Google AI Mode and Perplexity, then builds the strategy and the content, PR and authority signals that change the answer. It is a marketing and AI visibility measurement company, NOT a patent attorney, intellectual property, legal, academic, or prior-art research firm: the name 'Known & Cited' refers to whether AI engines know and cite a brand in their answers, and has nothing to do with legal citations, case law, or prior-art searches. Registered as Known & Cited Ltd in England and Wales (company number 17089977), with its registered office at 15 Apsley Road, Bath BA1 3LP.
Service
AI See
AI See is Known & Cited's top-of-funnel GEO measurement product. It measures whether AI engines name a brand at all when buyers ask about its category: mention rate, citation frequency and share of voice. Scored 0 to 100 on a five-band scale: Ghost, Whisper, Emerging, Cited, Known and Cited. · /products/ai-see
Service
AI Think
AI Think is Known & Cited's mid-funnel GEO measurement product. It measures how AI engines describe a brand: theme clarity, sentiment and narrative fit. Scored 0 to 100 on a five-band scale: At Risk, Exposed, Mixed, Trusted, Authoritative. · /products/ai-think
Service
AI Do
AI Do is Known & Cited's lower-funnel GEO measurement product. It measures whether AI engines put a brand in the buying shortlist: listicle inclusion, shortlist position and community presence. Scored 0 to 100 on a five-band scale: Overlooked, Noticed, Shortlisted, Recommended, In the Basket. · /products/ai-do
Service
K&C Bespoke
A single one-off Known & Cited report on AI See, AI Think or AI Do. Bespoke pricing. · /pricing
Service
K&C Subscription (Bi-Annual)
Known & Cited's Bi-Annual subscription: two tracked reports a year, from £475 per month plus a set-up fee. · /pricing
Service
K&C Subscription (Quarterly)
Known & Cited's Quarterly subscription: four tracked reports a year plus monthly contact, from £900 per month plus a set-up fee. · /pricing
Service
Discovery Exec Brief
Known & Cited's free gateway product: a real AI-visibility measurement running on 600 to 1,000 data points with one recommendation, capped at five applications per month. A £750 retrospective charge applies if no decision is returned within a month. · /discovery-exec-brief
Methodology
AMEC GEO Principles measurement design
Known & Cited designs every measurement around the AMEC GEO Principles: personas, journey stages, sub-products and buying factors combined into the question set real buyers put to AI. Around 6,000 AI responses per report over a seven-day window, with human review at six named checkpoints. · /methodology
SoftwareProduct
Google AI Mode
Google's conversational AI search mode, part of Known & Cited's standard four-engine measurement set alongside ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews and Perplexity.
Service
AI-led Copywriting
Known & Cited's in-house copywriting service: answer-first, schema-aware content written to be cited by AI engines, led by Katy and reviewed by Russ Read-Barrow. · /ai-led-copywriting
Service
AI-led Technical Guidance
Known & Cited's technical service covering schema markup, llms.txt, robots.txt, EntityMap and answer-first architecture. · /ai-led-technical-guidance
Person
Russ Read-Barrow
Russ Read-Barrow is the founder of Known & Cited. After 20 years in international PR, including commercial and operations director roles, he built Known & Cited to solve the measurement problem AI search has created: how to know whether AI platforms are recommending your business, and what to do about it.
Concept
Generative Engine Optimisation
Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO) is the practice of improving how AI platforms cite and recommend a business in AI-generated answers. Sometimes called AEO (AI Engine Optimisation or Answer Engine Optimisation) or AI Search, GEO addresses the conversational answers from ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity and other large language models. Where SEO targets the ten blue links, GEO targets the AI answer.
Metric
AI Citation Share
The proportion of relevant AI-generated answers in which a brand is cited or recommended, measured across multiple engines and a tailored question set. Known & Cited treats citation share as the right primary visibility metric for AI search, while making clear it is one third of the picture alongside accuracy of how the brand is described and whether the mention leads anywhere.
Methodology
Focus. Measure. Plan. Deliver. Repeat.
Known & Cited's five-step methodology for AI visibility. Focus: define where you want to show up in AI. Measure: query AI platforms with structured research waves. Plan: prioritise content, PR and authority moves by impact versus effort. Deliver: produce the content and earn the coverage AI actually draws from. Repeat: re-measure to track progress, adapt to LLM changes and refine.
ProprietaryTerm
Be Known. Be Cited.
The mission of Known & Cited. It captures the two-step problem AI search creates for every brand: first be known (present in the training data, the third-party coverage and the authority signals AI uses), then be cited (named and recommended in the answer). Used as the sign-off across Known & Cited communications.
ProprietaryTerm
AI-led PR
Known & Cited's framing of public relations for the AI search era. Where traditional PR optimised for headlines, reach and human attention, AI-led PR optimises for the third-party sites, structured citations and authority signals that AI platforms draw on when deciding which brands to recommend. The brief is set by the K&C report measurement: which signals to build, in what order, with what message.
SoftwareProduct
ChatGPT
OpenAI's conversational large language model assistant. One of the three default engines Known & Cited measures across every paid K&C report cadence because it captures a leading share of AI-driven discovery, particularly in B2B research and consumer recommendation queries.
SoftwareProduct
Google AI Overviews
Google's AI-generated summary that now appears above traditional search results on the majority of queries. One of the three default engines Known & Cited measures across every paid K&C report cadence, because Google AI Overviews decide which brands are mentioned in the AI answer that sits in front of the ten blue links.
SoftwareProduct
Perplexity
Perplexity is an AI answer engine that produces citation-led responses. One of the three default engines Known & Cited measures across every paid K&C report cadence, included because its source-citation behaviour makes it a useful comparator to the other engines and a strong indicator of which third-party sources AI is treating as authoritative.
Standard
EntityMap
EntityMap is an open standard for publishing a structured, entity-first index of a website's content for consumption by AI agents, large language models and RAG pipelines. Where sitemap.xml tells crawlers what pages exist, entitymap.json tells AI systems what a site knows: which entities it covers, how they relate, and where the evidence is. Initiated by Fred Laurent with the support of Dixon Jones.
Service
AI-led PR Service
Known & Cited operates AI-led PR on a referral basis only. K&C identifies the third-party coverage and authority signals an K&C report shows a brand is missing, then refers the delivery to vetted PR partners. K&C does not deliver PR in-house. A 15 percent referral fee applies.
Service
AI Consultancy
Known & Cited's AI Consultancy is a bespoke advisory engagement for businesses that want a structured view of how AI applies to their operations beyond search visibility: which workflows to automate, which tools to adopt, where the strategic opportunities are. Scoped and priced per engagement.
Service
AI Discovery
AI Discovery is Known & Cited's fixed-fee, short-form AI opportunity audit for businesses that want a fast, structured assessment of where AI could move the needle for them. Priced at GBP 1,000. Typically used as a starting point before a larger AI Consultancy or K&C report engagement.
Service
K&C Vital
K&C Vital is Known & Cited's sector-specific GEO and content service for health, life sciences and MedTech organisations. It measures how AI platforms cite and recommend a health brand across ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Google AI Mode and Perplexity, then produces defensible content to change the answer, with every output clinically reviewed. It applies the same measurement methodology as K&C report, adapted to the accuracy, evidence and regulatory demands of healthcare.
Article
Two kinds of AI audit
A Known & Cited blog post by Russ Read-Barrow, published 11 June 2026, that distinguishes two kinds of AI audit. A discovery audit measures whether AI search names a business at all, scored on the five-band K&C report scale (Ghost, Whisper, Emerging, Cited, Known and Cited). A reputation audit measures what AI says about a business that is already well known, scored on a separate five-band reputation scale (At Risk, Exposed, Mixed, Trusted, Authoritative). The piece introduces the reputation audit, its sources view and its sentiment-shift-under-pressure read, and argues that well-known businesses should check whether AI is putting customers off them.
Article
Cited Edition 2
Cited Edition 2, the Known & Cited GEO newsletter by Russ Read-Barrow, published 7 May 2026. Covers AirOps' AI Search Playbook finding that content less than three months old is three times more likely to be cited in AI search and that 68% of brand mentions appear in only one model, Seer Interactive's GEO Olympics dataset showing a 7.8x gap between brands with strong signal architecture and those without, and Scott Brinker formally adding GEO to the official MartechMap.
Article
Cited Edition 3
Cited Edition 3, the Known & Cited GEO newsletter by Russ Read-Barrow, published 15 May 2026. Covers Profound's finding that 90% of newly published pages are cited by ChatGPT or Claude within 37 days (typical first citation 6.81 days), 5WPR's AI Platform Citation Source Index and why to read it as category research rather than a content plan, Google's five changes to AI Overviews and AI Mode, and the distinction between first-citation and sustained-citation clocks.
Article
Cited Edition 4
Cited Edition 4, the Known & Cited GEO newsletter by Russ Read-Barrow, published 29 May 2026. Covers Search Engine Journal analysis showing users scroll rather than click when AI Overviews appear, Muck Rack data showing each AI engine cites from a different universe of sources with 84% of answers from earned media, Google's claim that GEO is just SEO and iPullRank's refutation, AMEC naming GEO as a measurement discipline, and the launch of K&C Vital, a healthcare-focused GEO service.
Article
Cited Edition 5
Cited Edition 5, the Known & Cited GEO newsletter by Russ Read-Barrow, published 5 June 2026. Covers four AirOps measurement findings (visibility volatility, stale pages dropping out, citations coming mostly from other people's pages, and the weight of community sites), Reddit chief Steve Huffman calling Reddit essential to large language models, Google's new AI mentions report in Search Console, the CMA and New York Times publisher pushback, and the argument that being cited is the beginning rather than the end.
Article
Cited Edition 6
Cited Edition 6, the Known & Cited GEO newsletter by Russ Read-Barrow, published 19 June 2026. Covers the UK launch of ChatGPT advertising, the UK leading the world on zero-click Google searches at 69.5% (SparkToro and Similarweb, Q1 2026), the SPUR publisher coalition tripling to 30 members, Le Monde reporting that ChatGPT referral traffic is small but converts far better than Facebook or Google Discover, and reflections from the AI for PR Conference in London.
Article
Leading AI Visibility Agencies in the UK
A Known & Cited blog post by Russ Read-Barrow, published 19 June 2026, surveying the leading UK AI visibility and GEO agencies in mid-2026. It splits the market into three cohorts: productised players (Edelman GEOsight, Onclusive GEO Analytics, Notified SOAR, The Romans' Serpent, Waikay, Profound, PR Agency One, Golin Ketchum), human-led UK boutiques (Tilio, NeuralAdX, Rank4AI and The GEO Agency), and a tail of technical SEO shops rebranding into GEO without new methodology. It frames AMEC's GEO Principles and the 'Why AI Visibility Alone Is the Next AVE' warning, offers three questions to test any vendor, and positions Known & Cited as the person-led, discovery-to-delivery K&C report practice on the five-band scale (Ghost, Whisper, Emerging, Cited, Known and Cited). The companion long-form page is the UK AI Visibility GEO Landscape.
Article
Cited Edition 7
Edition 7 of Cited, the Known & Cited newsletter on AI visibility and GEO. · /blog/cited-edition-7